Soak seed overnight in warm water before sowing or nick with sandpaper before sowing. Direct seed, 6 weeks before last frost. Or, start indoors 4-6 weeks before planting out. Can also direct sow in early fall. Does best if started in cool conditions. Growth diminishes as the weather warms, is not tolerant of temperatures above 80˚F unless shaded. In USDA zone 7 to 9, the best time to plant is in late October to mid-November. Sow a group of 3 seeds every 6”, when 3” tall, thin to 1 every 6”. Does well in full sun, can also grow in part shade light wood land. Pinch when 6-8" tall to encourage denser branching and more flowers. Collect seed pod when flowers fade, allow pods to dry on plant. Collect to re-sow. Soil pH 7.6–7.8. Hardiness zones 4–10. Annual.
Usual seed life: 3–4 years.
Planting Depth
1”Soil Temp. Germ.
55–65˚F (13–18˚C)Days to Germ.
14–21 scarify
Plant Spacing
6-12”Row Spacing
12”Full Sun,
Moist Well Drained Soil