Start indoors 8–10 weeks before last frost or direct sow in late April in the PNW. Adapted to the cool British sea coast. Transplant deep to prevent drying out. Germination is variable even with fresh seed, typically 1–2 plants out of ten sown. Raise in a partial shade nursery. In hot climate, grow in shade house with daily cooling water. Scarify, remove the round pod that holds the seed for better germination by rolling seeds between two cutting boards. Not all pods will have seeds. Needs winter protection in Zone 6 or cooler to prevent ground from freezing. Germination is variable above 65˚F (18˚C), best in early to late spring. Soil pH 6.6-7.8. Hardiness zones 6–9. Perennial.
Days from maturity calculated from the date of seeding. Average 3,015 seeds per ounce. Germination in optimal conditions: 50-65%. Usual seed life 3-4 years. Isolation distance for seed saving: 1/2 mile.
Planting Depth
1/4–1/2”Soil Temp. Germ.
55–65˚FDays to Germ.
12-30 scarify
Plant Spacing
18-24”Row Spacing
3-4’Days To Maturity
2 yearsPart Shade,
Moist Well Drained