Start indoors 4-6 weeks before last frost, plant out 4 weeks before frost. For fall harvest, transplant 13 weeks before first frost, without additional protection. In a hoophouse, you can plant 2-3 weeks later. Plants are hardy when small but may not feed you until spring. Direct sow anytime after last frost up to 6 weeks before first frost. For seed production, plant in late summer in the Pacific Northwest and coastal British Columbia for a more cold hardy plant. Becomes sweeter with frost and edible to about 22–25˚F. Survival at low temps 10˚F or cooler requires good mulch or snow cover to protect from wind freeze. Will cross with rutabagas. Row covers reduce cabbage worms and extend winter harvest. Soil pH 6.1-6.5. Hardiness zones 3-9. Biennial.
Days from maturity calculated from the date of seeding. Average 9,000 seeds per ounce. Average 112M seeds per acre. Federal germination standard: 75%. Usual seed life: 5 years. Isolation distance for seed saving: 1 mile.
Planting Depth
1/4-1/2”Soil Temp. Germ.
55-75˚FDays to Germ.
5-15Plant Spacing
12-18”Row Spacing
18-30”Days To Maturity
60–70Full Sun,
Moist Well Drained