Frost tender perennial, grown as an annual in temperate climates zones 8 or cooler. Start indoors 10-12 weeks before last frost, needs 200 day growing season to reach maturity. Plant to warm sheltered spot or greenhouse bed. Prefers dry stony soil, hardy to 20˚F but intolerant of moist soils in winter, grows in disturbed areas. Average germination can be below 50%. Seeds require light to germinate, press into soil, do not cover. Soil pH 7.8-8.0. Hardiness zones 9. Biennial.
Days from maturity calculated from the date of seeding. Average 110,000 seeds per ounce. Usual seed life 2–5 years.
Planting Depth
surface requires light
Soil Temp. Germ.
68-85˚FDays to Germ.
14Plant Spacing
12”Row Spacing
18-24”Days To Maturity
200Full Sun,
Moist Well Drained Soil