Scarify then soak seed for 24 hours, sow in spring or fall in cold frame. Slow to grow from seed. Propagate by division in fall, one growth bud per division, replant immediately or store clumps to plant in spring. Pot up and grow on for the first winter in a greenhouse Does not grow until late May or June. Requires deep well cultivated fertile moisture-retentive soil for good root production, sandy, slightly alkaline soil produces best plants. Unless seed is required, plant is usually prevented from flowering to put more energy into producing roots. Harvest 3 year old roots in autumn. Deep tap roots, fixes atmospheric nitrogen, excellent mineral accumulator. Difficult to remove once established. Soil pH 6.1-7.8. Hardiness zones 6-9. Perennial.
Usual seed life 3–4 years.
Planting Depth
1/4”Soil Temp. Germ.
68˚FDays to Germ.
21-60 scarify
Plant Spacing
2-3’Row Spacing
4-5’Days To Maturity
3 yearsPart Shade,
Moist Well Drained