Best sown as soon as it is ripe in late summer, 5–6 seed per plant. Germination is irregular, often several months. Also direct so outdoor in the fall in cold frame. Start indoors 4–6 weeks before last frost. Stratify 4–6 weeks if sowing indoors. Grows wild along the edges of swamps and other wet areas. Soil pH 6.1-7.8. Hardiness zones 3-8. Perennial.
Days from maturity calculated from the date of seeding. Average 14,200 seeds per ounce.
Planting Depth
surface requires light
Soil Temp. Germ.
68˚F stratify
Days to Germ.
30–60Plant Spacing
6–8”Row Spacing
24–36”Full Sun,
Wet Climate